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Mental Rotation and Motor Imagery Training in Multiple Sclerosis

CompletedNA

Sponsor: Abant Izzet Baysal University

Conditions: Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS)

Interventions: Laterality, Motor Imagery, and Mental Rotation Training, Active Visual-Attention Control Training

Countries: Turkey (Türkiye)

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of sequential laterality, motor imagery, and mental rotation training in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Both groups received conventional physiotherapy, while the intervention group received structured cognitive-motor training and the control group received active visual-attention training.

Eligibility overview

Sex: ALL

Age: 18 Years to 65 Years

Healthy volunteers: No

Study type: INTERVENTIONAL

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with definite relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis by a neurologist according to the revised McDonald criteria
* Not experiencing an acute MS relapse
* Mini Mental State Examination score ≥24
* No clinical MS relapse within the previous 3 months
* No corticosteroid treatment for an MS relapse within the previous 3 months
* Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 1.5 and 6.0
* Modified Ashworth Scale score ≤2
* Sufficient communication ability to understand visual and verbal instructions and follow the training protocol
* Able to attend at least 80% of the planned sessions
* Able to complete the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any medication change within the previous 3 months
* Uncorrected severe visual or hearing impairment
* A communication disorder preventing the perception of or response to the visual and verbal stimuli used in the study
* Participation in another structured upper-extremity rehabilitation program or interventional study during the study period
* Presence of an additional neurological disorder
* Advanced sensory loss or proprioceptive impairment that could affect participation in the intervention
* Botulinum toxin injection within the previous 3 months

Locations (1)

Bolu, Turkey (Türkiye)