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Sponsor: Alexandria University
Conditions: Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy (FOB), Lung Cancer (Diagnosis), Premedication
Interventions: Nebulized lidocaine and ketamine, Nebulized Lidocaine, Lidocaine spray (2%)
Countries: Egypt
The current study is looked for the comparison between nebulized lidocaine and ketamine, nebulized lidocaine, and usual lidocaine spray in the oral and nasal cavities before flexible bronchoscopy. The investigators are looking for different outcomes including mainly cough suppression during the procedure, patient tolerance and discomfort, operator and patients' satisfaction, and safety of the use of these medications especially regarding nebulized ketamine.
Sex: ALL
Age: 18 Years to —
Healthy volunteers: No
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Inclusion Criteria: * All patients were assigned for FOB for diagnostic causes as part of their usual care. * All patients were assigned for FOB for therapeutic causes as part of their usual care. Exclusion Criteria: * unstable angina or recent myocardial infarction, * hypoxemia that is not corrected by oxygen therapy, * increased intracranial pressure or recent cerebrovascular stroke, * uncontrolled uraemia, * uncontrolled hypertension, * current viral infections or colds, * history of allergy to lidocaine or ketamine, * altered mental status, or * non-corrected coagulopathy
- Alexandria, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt