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Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 50-85 years, male or female.
* Diagnosed with "clinically established" or "clinically probable" Parkinson's disease according to the 2015 MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's Disease.
* Hoehn-Yahr stage ≥ 2, and judged by the investigator to be able to cooperate in completing scale-based assessments and MRI examinations.
* Stable regimen of anti-Parkinsonian medication for at least 4 weeks before enrollment, and agreement to maintain a stable regimen during the main study phase unless medically necessary to change.
* Written informed consent signed by the study participant.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-primary Parkinson's disease or other parkinsonism / atypical parkinsonism.
* Previous receipt of invasive neuromodulation therapies such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) or other intracranial implantation/stereotactic brain surgery.
* Presence of contraindications or high-risk conditions for transcranial electrical stimulation (e.g., incompatible metal implants/implantable electrical stimulation devices, etc.), or judged by the investigator as unsuitable to receive transcranial electrical stimulation.
* Receipt of non-invasive neuromodulation interventions such as transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial electrical stimulation within the past six months.
* Presence of contraindications to MRI or inability to tolerate MRI examination.
* Significant cognitive impairment or severe psychiatric symptoms that prevent completion of assessments or result in poor compliance.
* New initiation or dose adjustment of medications or treatments that significantly affect sleep architecture/consciousness status within the past 4 weeks.
* History of epilepsy.
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
* Any other condition judged by the investigator as unsuitable for participation in the study.

• Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China