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Inclusion Criteria:

In order, to be eligible for the study, patients must fulfill all the following inclusion criteria:

* Age between ≥50 and ≤80 years.
* Be a current smoker or have quit 15 years ago or less.
* Have participated or are currently participating in smoking cessation program.
* Lifetime smoking exposure equal to or greater than 20 pack-year.
* Provided signed informed consent (ICF)

Exclusion Criteria:

* In order, to be exclude for the study, patients must at least one of the following exclusion criteria:

  * Contraindications to the screening examination: (claustrophobic or weighing more than 130 kgs).
  * Inability to climb 3 stair steps non-stop (36 steps).
  * Disabling dyspnea
  * Symptomatic (with signs and symptoms suspicious of breast cancer lung, namely):

    * pleuritic chest pain
    * rapidly progressive dyspnea of recent onset
    * hemoptysis
    * unexplained hoarseness, lasting more than 1 month.
    * bone pain
    * supraclavicular lymphadenopathy or cervical lymphadenopathy persistent
    * unexplained weight loss of 5% or more of weight in less than 6 months
    * Previous history of malignant neoplasm (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) diagnosed less than 10 years before the date of the interview;
    * Patients with diagnostic of severe psychiatric disease
    * Immunosuppressed by illness or drugs.
    * Subjected to anterior lung resection even when determined due to an etiology other than malignant neoplasia.
    * Person with a serious terminal illness that contraindicates curative lung surgery.

• Rio de Janeiro, Brazil