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Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne
Conditions: Volunteers, Flu Vaccine
Interventions: Flu Vaccine, Biological samples
Countries: France
Mucosal sites, such as respiratory mucosa, are the primary entry points entry points for pathogens. However, clinical evaluation of vaccines against respiratory respiratory pathogens is currently based primarily on analysis of systemic, i.e. peripheral antibody and cellular responses. These measurements give little indication of the immune responses in respiratory tissues tissues, even though the latter are essential for protection against infection. Protective immune responses in mucous membranes, including respiratory including respiratory tissues, rely on secretory IgA to neutralize pathogens neutralization of pathogens on the mucosal surface, as well as the development of the development of cellular responses, notably those from T (Trm) and B (Brm) lymphocytes. Preclinical studies and a few human studies have demonstrated that Trm are a crucial element mucosal protection against viral and bacterial infections. In fact it has been shown that resident memory lymphocytes, including Trm, are able to able to reside in nasal, pulmonary, intestinal, genital and skin mucosa and skin after infection.
Sex: ALL
Age: 18 Years to —
Healthy volunteers: Yes
Study type: INTERVENTIONAL
Inclusion Criteria: * Affiliated to the Social Security System * Signed informed consent form * Having decided to be vaccinated against the flu Exclusion Criteria: * History of recurrent nosebleeds or systemic hemorrhages * Previous injury or surgery which modified nasal cavity (e.g. deviated nasal septum) * Individuals receiving anticoagulant therapy * Individuals who experienced a severe respiratory infection leading to hospitalization in the last 6 months * Individuals who received an antibiotic therapy for respiratory infection or any other infection in the last 6 months * Immunocompromised individuals, or individuals taking immunosuppressed therapy or having a pathology (chronic infection, auto-immune disease) which could impact on immunity based on investigator's opinion * Allergy to any component of the vaccines used in the study * Unstable chronic pathology * People deprived of liberty or hospitalized without any consent * People under guardianship (authorship or curators) * Individuals who received a vaccine (any vaccine) in the last 30 days * Pregnant or breast-feeding people * Individuals experiencing respiratory infection symptoms. Inclusion will be postponed up to 7 days after the symptom resolution * People with no command of the French language
- Saint-Etienne, France